Potential-Induced Degradation in Perovskite Photovoltaics Mitigatedby Positive-Voltage Systems
byMarco Marengo, Anil R. Pininti, Thomas Allen, Pierre Verlinden, Stefaan De Wolf
ArticleYear:2026
Abstract
Long-term reliability remains a major barrier to the
commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics, with potential
induced degradation (PID) emerging as a critical system-level failure
mode. Specifically, PID has been observed in thin-film perovskite
solar cells under strong negative voltage and was attributed to
sodium ions migrating from the glass substrate to the cell. Here,
we report a PID study of encapsulated inverted (p-i-n) perovskite
solar cells subjected to positive and negative voltage (±1000 V) for
168 h following the IEC aluminum-foil testing protocol. We find that
devices under positive voltage retained more than 95% of the initial
power output, meeting the qualification criterion typically applied to
commercial modules. These results highlight that PID can be resolved
at the system level, thereby relaxing constraints at both the cell and
module levels.